CSO Confined Space Theory TEST ONLY

What is a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)?

The limit of exposure to the gas, which if exceeded the worker requires protection. Often provided in PPM and set by regulatory bodies.
The limit of exposure to the gas, which if exceeded the worker requires protection. Often provided in PPM and set by the employer.
The limit of exposure to the gas, which if exceeded the worker requires limited protection.
The limit of exposure to the gas, which if exceeded the worker requires no protection.

When considering confined space hazards, the “explosive range”…?

Specifies the concentration range of a material in air which will burn or explode in the presence of an ignition source. It is usually given as the percent by volume of the material in the air (i.e., 5%)
Specifies the concentration range of a material in air which will burn or explode spontaneously. It is usually given as the percent by volume of the material in the air (i.e., 5%)
Specifies the concentration range of a material in air which will burn or explode in the presence of an ignition source. It is usually given in parts per million (i.e., 750PPM)
Specifies the concentration range of a material in air which will burn or explode spontaneously. It is usually given in parts per million (i.e., 750PPM)

What is the correct meaning of these abbreviations common to confined space rescue?

VP
UEL
IDLH
PEL

Vapour Point, Upper Explosive Limit, Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health, Permissible Exposure Limit
Volumetric Pressure, Upper Explosive Limit, Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health, Permissible Exposure Limit
Vapour Point, Universal Explosive Limit, Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health, Permissible Exposure Limit
Vapour Point, Upper Explosive Limit, Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health, Possible Explosive Limit

What is the correct meaning of these abbreviations common to confined space rescue?

TWA
LEL
STEL
FP

Time Weighted Average, Lower Explosive Limit, Short Term Exposure Limit, Flash Point
Toxic Weight Average, Lower Explosive Limit, Short Term Exposure Limit, Flash Point
Time Weighted Average, Longitudinal Explosive Limit, Short Term Exposure Limit, Flash Point
Time Weighted Average, Lower Explosive Limit, Short Term Exposure Limit, Fog Point

In this video case study, what were the key lessons identified?

Engine exhaust can flow into voids and create toxic environments full of carbon dioxide
Confined space fatalities often involve those attempting to rescue the initial victim
Confined space entry permits slow down response and should be avoided to save the maximum number of lives
The use of mobile phones and cameras inside a confined space often leads to explosions

When dealing with free flowing solid engulfment rescue incidents such as those inside or from grain silos, what statement is FALSE?

Grain silo rescue activities should include lock-out procedures due to mechanical hazards such as augers
Dusts like flour can become explosive
Providing the head and shoulders of the victim is out of the engulfment, they are generally safe (especially if given oxygen)
Grain silo rescue activities should require a confined space entry permit

In the context of decontamination practices associated with confined space rescue, what statement is FALSE?

Specialist advice should be sought for decontamination of hazardous contaminants
Contaminants can be disposed of down general sewage or storm water drains providing it is treated with 10% chlorine bleach
Equipment with non-hazardous contaminants should be cleaned as per the manufacturer’s instructions
Nil by mouth, face and hand washing until decontaminated are important to protect rescuer health during or after any confined space operation

The most effective preventative search and rescue strategy for confined spaces within the community is:

Restricting access
Warning signage
Hazard education
All of these

Interpret the following results displayed on the gas detector reading for when used in an environment known to have Hydrogen Sulfide present.

Safe means acceptable for entry, not zero risk.

PPM safe, Oxygen unsafe, LEL safe
PPM safe, Oxygen safe, LEL safe
PPM unsafe, Oxygen unsafe, LEL unsafe
PPM safe, Oxygen unsafe, LEL unsafe

Interpret the following results displayed on the gas detector reading for when used in an environment known to have Benzene present.

Safe means acceptable for entry, not zero risk.

PPM unsafe, Oxygen safe, LEL unsafe.
PPM safe, Oxygen safe, LEL safe.
PPM unsafe, Oxygen unsafe, LEL unsafe.
PPM unsafe, Oxygen unsafe, LEL unsafe.

Interpret the following results displayed on the gas detector reading for when used in an environment known to have Ammonia present.

Safe means acceptable for entry, not zero risk.

PPM is unsafe, oxygen is safe, LEL is unsafe.
PPM is safe, oxygen is safe, LEL is unsafe.
PPM is safe, oxygen is safe, LEL is unsafe.
PPM is unsafe, oxygen is safe, LEL is safe.

Interpret the following results displayed on the gas detector reading for when used in an environment known to have Hydrogen Sulfide present.

Safe means acceptable for entry, not zero risk.

PPM is within safe limit
Oxygen is within safe limit
LEL is within safe limit
All readings are within safe limits

Tools made entirely of brass are classified as?

Limited rust protected tools
Spark limited tools
ATEX certified tools
Ammunition safe tools

The ITRA qualification best suited for confined space operators/rescuers using anti-panic helmets and umbilical systems often in nitrogen purged environments is:

ITRA Level 1 Confined Space Responder (C1)
ITRA Level 1N Confined Space Inert (C1N)
ITRA Level 2 Confined Space Technician (C2)
ITRA Level 3 Confined Space Advanced (C3)

What are practices for ensuring good hygiene when working in confined spaces?

Cleaning PPE in accordance with manufacturers instructions
Assess the risk of contaminants to ascertain if specialist decontamination is required
Wash stations should be available and used often when exiting
All of these

What is not a good example of a confined space?

Air conditioning duct
Empty and cleaned milk vat
A swimming pool
Bottom of an elevator shaft

What is not a good example of a confined space?

Grain silo
Sewer pipe
Crawl space under building
Walk in refrigerator

What statement is FALSE in regards to confined space rescue according to best practice?

It is common for (untrained) rescuers to become victims in confined space incidents.
A recommended confined space response team should be at least 4 persons, comprised of team leader, safety officer, entrant (rescuer), attendant.
The use of ventilation and exhaust systems to bring the atmosphere to within safe entry limits is within scope of an ITRA Level 1 qualified responder.
A two person rescue team without any other support is sufficient, providing the team leader acts as safety and attendant and holds the ITRA Level 3 Confined Space Advanced qualification.

What is NOT an appropriate choice for communications within and to outside a confined space?

Rope tugs
Whistle signals
Satellite phone
Hand signals

What statement is FALSE in regards to gas detection equipment and practices for confined space rescue?

Gas Testing is short term and not continuous; Gas Monitoring is continuous
For initial entry for rescue, the concentration of flammable contaminant should be above 10% of its LEL.
Gas detectors should only be used when they are “in calibration” i.e. within the periodic testing regime carried out by an authorised service centre.
PID (Photo-Ionization Detectors) are able to detect concentrations of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that may be too low for a multi-gas detectors.

In regards to atmospheric hazards found in confined spaces, what statement is FALSE?

Oxygen deficiency can occur as a result of rusting/oxidization
Oxygen deficiency can occur as a result of concrete curing (hardening)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has a distinctive “rotten egg” smell
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has a distinctive “rotten egg” smell

In regards to confined space rescue protocols, what statement is best practice?

When responding to a confined space rescue, entry documentation is required only if the victim is unconscious.
When responding to a confined space rescue, entry documentation is not required.
The document required to be completed prior to entry into a confined space is known as a “hot work permit”
When responding to a confined space rescue, entry documentation is required.

In regards to using electrical equipment within confined spaces, which statement is FALSE?

ATEX is a European Directive for the marking of explosion proof equipment.
NFPA Atmospheric Hazard Classifications include: Classes, Divisions and Groups
Cameras and cell phones can be used in intrinsically unsafe atmospheres providing they are a water proof container or are waterproof themselves
None of these

What statement is correct in regards to the effect on oxygen levels on the human body?

20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% deterioration of night vision, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 6% difficult in breathing/death
20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% first signs of hypoxia, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 2% difficult in breathing/death
24% tachycardia/fast heart rate, 20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% loss of smell, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 6% difficult in breathing/death
20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% deterioration of night vision, 16% disorientation, 8% fainting, 6% difficult in breathing/death

What is the best example of an environmental hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen Deficiency
Entrapment
High temperature
Vertigo

What is the best example of a physical or mechanical hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen Deficiency
Engulfment
Low temperature
Claustrophobia

What is the best example of an atmospheric hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen deficiency
Engulfment
High temperature
Claustrophobia

Which statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection for confined space rescue?

Negative pressure respiratory protection relies on the wear to pull air through the device. This can create additional strain on the wearer, so medical evaluations are important.
The wearer of a combination cartridge respirator finds it difficult to draw air through the device (but not difficult to breather when the respirator is removed). They should check or replace the cartridge as part of fault finding.
Respirators should only be used as a “last line of defence” when other control systems, such as adequate ventilation or hazard containment, are not feasible.
All of these

What statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection for confined space rescue?

Filtering facepiece (disposable respirators) are suitable for gases and vapors.
Full face cartridge respirators provide positive pressure.
Half face respirators with a multi-hazard cartridge provides protection against oxygen deficient atmospheres.
Filtering facepiece (disposable respirators) are suitable only to some particulates.

Which statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection in confined space rescue?

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus are suitable for entering conditions that the respiratory risk is not known
Escape sets are suitable for carrying out rescue operations (as used by the rescuers)
SCUBA sets are always a better alternative to Supplied Air Respirators
Facial beards do not reduce the effectiveness of respiratory protection

What instrument is appropriate for testing for a range of gases simultaneously?

A
B
C
D

What is the best description of a confined space?

Has limited entry and egress
Is not intended for human occupancy
May contain an engulfment hazard
All of these

You are checking on an electrical panel inside a confined space. What is the most suitable fire extinguisher to have readily available?

Water
Foam
Dry powder
CO2 (carbon dioxide)

An oxygen (O₂) deficient atmosphere is generally described where oxygen by volume is?

Higher than 23.5%
At 21%
Between 20% and 20.9%
Below 19.5%

Which gases are potentially explosive?

A
B
C
D

What stratification of gases is correct?

A
B
C
D

What is the normal composition of dry air?

A
B
C
D

Out of these groups of practices, which group contains all unsafe practices.

three-way (tri-axial) loading of carabiners, carrying a rope cutter (knife), pair (buddy) up rescuers.
using wire gate karabiners for all rigging, three-way (tri-axial) loading of carabiners, unfastening helmet chin strap in warm zone.
tethering tools or radios while working at height, establishing fall/exclusion zones below area below working at height, maintaining a logbook for equipment use and maintenance,
Using rope protection at the edge, ensuring signals being used are understood at briefing, carrying a backup lighting source during night operations,

In regards to lock-out/tag-out, sources of stored energy can include? Choose the best answer.

Electrical systems with batteries
Machines with hydraulic components
Pressurised or elevated vessels
All of these

What best defines a “lock out system”?

Only prevent entry to a hazardous location
Provide positive physical isolation for active or stored sources of energy
Can be removed by anyone
Are the same as Tagout systems

What does this sign mean when working around towers?

Confined Space – permit required
Risk of falling – use height safety equipment
Radio Frequency hazard – lockout/tagout
Noise Hazard – wear hearing protection

What statement is the best answer in regards to how do you safely mark carabiners?

Using tape (i.e. electrical insulation tape)
Using nail polish or paint
Using a hand held engraver, to a minimal depth, on non-critical sections
Any of these methods

Inventories and documented inspections of technical equipment are:

In most countries are mandatory (legally required) and must be maintained
Should record every single use for all equipment
A complete waste of time
Recommended to ensure regular, thorough inspections of all equipment

In regard to the lifespan of technical rescue equipment, which is the most appropriate statement:

Should last indefinitely but needs regular inspection
May have manufacturer defined lifespans and should not be used after expiry
Has a maximum lifespan of 10 years, regardless of use
May have defined lifespans but this is just because manufacturers want us to buy more

Technical rescue equipment should be washed…?

Using the methods defined by the manufacturer
With soap and hot water
With ultrasonic cleaning equipment
After every use

What environments are generally safe to use two-way radio without special permission when carrying out a rescue?

In and around military installations
Around flammables and explosives
On board an aircraft
In a desert or in the wilderness

Technical rescue operations conducted at night generally…

Take less time
Are safer
Take more time
Requires stronger gear

Effective command tactics for technical rescue are generally…

based around flexible structure using commonly understood roles and responsibilities
Organised organically depending on the specific circumstances
Only required in larger scale operations
None of the these

The zones (for example: cold, warm, hot) of operation during a technical rescue…

Should be clearly marked with physical barriers
Hot is always the highest risk out of all the zones, regardless of actual temperature.
May vary according to the hazards and the associated risk
Are only for guidance

The severity of this fall is commonly described as a Fall Factor ….?

0.5
1
1.5
2

A litter team of three attendants and one patient are being lowered down a 30˚ slope. Their feet are perfectly perpendicular to the slope angle. The total mass is 400kg.

The amount of tension in the lowering rope is?

The weight x sin(30˚)
Approximately 2kN
Equal to half the weight
All these options

What is the approximate force on anchor ‘A’?

1.41 x load
2 x load
0.5x load
1 x load

What is the Ideal Mechanical Advantage of the following system?

2:1
3:1
4:1
1:1

What is the Ideal Mechanical Advantage of the following system?

2:1
3:1
4:1
1:1

The most important treatment for an incapacitated person suspended in a harness is?

Encourage them to relax
Get them safely to un-suspended position as quickly as possible
Setup a tripod and lower a rescuer to perform a mid-face litter scoop
Encourage them to drink water

Rope rescue hazards, once identified, are:

Discussed in the team briefing; and Conspicuously marked with visual aids, if possible
Conspicuously marked with visual aids, if possible; and photographed and documented for liability protection
Photographed and documented for liability protection
Discussed in the team briefing; and photographed and documented for liability protection

The types of connectors shown in the following image are best described as:

1:Oval, 2:Rapid Link, 3:D, 4:HMS (Pear)
1:HMS (Pear), 2:D, 3:Rapid Link, 4:Oval
1:Rapid Link, 2:Oval, 3:HMS(Pear), 4: Oval
1:D, 2:Oval, 3:HMS (Pear), 4:Rapid Link

The construction of ropes normally used for rope rescue is?

Double braid (braided sheath over a braided core)
Hawser laid (classic 3-strand twisted rope)
Hollow braid (a single braid without any core)
Kernmantle (braided sheath over an unbraided core)

A carabiner has a marking on the spine as illustrated. The rated strength of this carabiner is?

2,500lbs major axis, 1,200lbs minor axis, 700lbs long axis with the gate open
25kN lying flat, 12kN suspended vertically, 7kN balanced on spine
25kN major axis, 12kN minor axis, 7kN major axis with the gate open
25kN between wide pins, 12kN between narrow pins, 7kN on the gate

In rope rescue, the term “MBS” is an abbreviation for?

Maximum Breaking Strength
Mean Breaking Strength
Minimum Breaking Strength
Manufacturer’s Breaking Strength

CSO Confined Space Theory TEST ONLY

CSO Confined Space Theory TEST ONLY

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