CSO duplicate?

The ITRA qualification best suited for confined space operators/rescuers using anti-panic helmets and umbilical systems often in nitrogen purged environments is:

ITRA Level 1 Confined Space Responder (C1)
ITRA Level 1N Confined Space Inert (C1N)
ITRA Level 2 Confined Space Technician (C2)
ITRA Level 3 Confined Space Advanced (C3)

What is not a good example of a confined space?

Air conditioning duct
Empty and cleaned milk vat
A swimming pool
Bottom of an elevator shaft

What is not a good example of a confined space?

Grain silo
Sewer pipe
Crawl space under building
Walk in refrigerator

What statement is FALSE in regards to confined space rescue according to best practice?

It is common for (untrained) rescuers to become victims in confined space incidents.
A recommended confined space response team should be at least 4 persons, comprised of team leader, safety officer, entrant (rescuer), attendant.
The use of ventilation and exhaust systems to bring the atmosphere to within safe entry limits is within scope of an ITRA Level 1 qualified responder.
A two person rescue team without any other support is sufficient, providing the team leader acts as safety and attendant and holds the ITRA Level 3 Confined Space Advanced qualification.

What is NOT an appropriate choice for communications within and to outside a confined space?

Rope tugs
Whistle signals
Satellite phone
Hand signals

What statement is FALSE in regards to gas detection equipment and practices for confined space rescue?

Gas Testing is short term and not continuous; Gas Monitoring is continuous
For initial entry for rescue, the concentration of flammable contaminant should be above 10% of its LEL.
Gas detectors should only be used when they are “in calibration” i.e. within the periodic testing regime carried out by an authorised service centre.
PID (Photo-Ionization Detectors) are able to detect concentrations of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that may be too low for a multi-gas detectors.

In regards to atmospheric hazards found in confined spaces, what statement is FALSE?

Oxygen deficiency can occur as a result of rusting/oxidization
Oxygen deficiency can occur as a result of concrete curing (hardening)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has a distinctive “rotten egg” smell
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has a distinctive “rotten egg” smell

What statement is correct in regards to the effect on oxygen levels on the human body?

20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% deterioration of night vision, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 6% difficult in breathing/death
20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% first signs of hypoxia, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 2% difficult in breathing/death
24% tachycardia/fast heart rate, 20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% loss of smell, 14% rapid fatigue, 8% mental failure, 6% difficult in breathing/death
20.9% no adverse effect, 19.5% deterioration of night vision, 16% disorientation, 8% fainting, 6% difficult in breathing/death

What is the best example of an environmental hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen Deficiency
Entrapment
High temperature
Vertigo

What is the best example of a physical or mechanical hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen Deficiency
Engulfment
Low temperature
Claustrophobia

What is the best example of an atmospheric hazard in confined spaces?

Oxygen deficiency
Engulfment
High temperature
Claustrophobia

Which statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection for confined space rescue?

Negative pressure respiratory protection relies on the wear to pull air through the device. This can create additional strain on the wearer, so medical evaluations are important.
The wearer of a combination cartridge respirator finds it difficult to draw air through the device (but not difficult to breather when the respirator is removed). They should check or replace the cartridge as part of fault finding.
Respirators should only be used as a “last line of defence” when other control systems, such as adequate ventilation or hazard containment, are not feasible.
All of these

What statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection for confined space rescue?

Filtering facepiece (disposable respirators) are suitable for gases and vapors.
Full face cartridge respirators provide positive pressure.
Half face respirators with a multi-hazard cartridge provides protection against oxygen deficient atmospheres.
Filtering facepiece (disposable respirators) are suitable only to some particulates.

Which statement is correct in regards to respiratory protection in confined space rescue?

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus are suitable for entering conditions that the respiratory risk is not known
Escape sets are suitable for carrying out rescue operations (as used by the rescuers)
SCUBA sets are always a better alternative to Supplied Air Respirators
Facial beards do not reduce the effectiveness of respiratory protection

What instrument is appropriate for testing for a range of gases simultaneously?

A
B
C
D

What is the best description of a confined space?

Has limited entry and egress
Is not intended for human occupancy
May contain an engulfment hazard
All of these

You are checking on an electrical panel inside a confined space. What is the most suitable fire extinguisher to have readily available?

Water
Foam
Dry powder
CO2 (carbon dioxide)

An oxygen (O₂) deficient atmosphere is generally described where oxygen by volume is?

Higher than 23.5%
At 21%
Between 20% and 20.9%
Below 19.5%

Which gases are potentially explosive?

A
B
C
D

What stratification of gases is correct?

A
B
C
D

What is the normal composition of dry air?

A
B
C
D

Out of these groups of practices, which group contains all unsafe practices.

three-way (tri-axial) loading of carabiners, carrying a rope cutter (knife), pair (buddy) up rescuers.
using wire gate karabiners for all rigging, three-way (tri-axial) loading of carabiners, unfastening helmet chin strap in warm zone.
tethering tools or radios while working at height, establishing fall/exclusion zones below area below working at height, maintaining a logbook for equipment use and maintenance,
Using rope protection at the edge, ensuring signals being used are understood at briefing, carrying a backup lighting source during night operations,

Most technical rescues can be managed into phases as part of command tactics. What group of sequential phases is most appropriate for technical rescue?

Size-Up, Pre-Rescue, Rescue, Terminate
Size-Up, Access, Stabilize, Assemble
Locate, Access, Rescue, Terminate
Assess, Plan, Debrief, Respond

In regards to lock-out/tag-out, sources of stored energy can include? Choose the best answer.

Electrical systems with batteries
Machines with hydraulic components
Pressurised or elevated vessels
All of these

What best defines a “lock out system”?

Only prevent entry to a hazardous location
Provide positive physical isolation for active or stored sources of energy
Can be removed by anyone
Are the same as Tagout systems

What does this sign mean when working around towers?

Confined Space – permit required
Risk of falling – use height safety equipment
Radio Frequency hazard – lockout/tagout
Noise Hazard – wear hearing protection

What statement is the best answer in regards to how do you safely mark carabiners?

Using tape (i.e. electrical insulation tape)
Using nail polish or paint
Using a hand held engraver, to a minimal depth, on non-critical sections
Any of these methods

Inventories and documented inspections of technical equipment are:

In most countries are mandatory (legally required) and must be maintained
Should record every single use for all equipment
A complete waste of time
Recommended to ensure regular, thorough inspections of all equipment

In regard to the lifespan of technical rescue equipment, which is the most appropriate statement:

Should last indefinitely but needs regular inspection
May have manufacturer defined lifespans and should not be used after expiry
Has a maximum lifespan of 10 years, regardless of use
May have defined lifespans but this is just because manufacturers want us to buy more

Technical rescue equipment should be washed…?

Using the methods defined by the manufacturer
With soap and hot water
With ultrasonic cleaning equipment
After every use

An organisation’s Standard Operating Procedures are generally:

To be followed by all team members, at all times
Equivalent to protocols
Rules for governing decision-making in the event of a disagreement
Meant to represent best practices under normal circumstances

An organisation has their own equipment Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) however, they fall out of currency and they permit a specific use which the manufacturer now explicitly prohibits. Which document takes precedence?

The manufacturer’s instructions
The organisations Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
ITRA’s Specific Operating Guidelines (ITRA SOG)
None of these

What environments are generally safe to use two-way radio without special permission when carrying out a rescue?

In and around military installations
Around flammables and explosives
On board an aircraft
In a desert or in the wilderness

A radio repeater often used in rescue operations is…

A person who makes a written record of all radio communication
A device that ensures radio communications can be heard across all frequencies
A remote device that extends the effective range of radios by rebroadcasting transmissions
A device that records and stores radio transmissions

When using portable radios, which of the following is considered a disadvantage at a rescue incident?

Their portability
The Push-To-Talk microphone function (PTT)
Voice Operated microphone function (VOX)
Ability to select multiple channels

Technical rescue operations conducted at night generally…

Take less time
Are safer
Take more time
Requires stronger gear

Effective command tactics for technical rescue are generally…

based around flexible structure using commonly understood roles and responsibilities
Organised organically depending on the specific circumstances
Only required in larger scale operations
None of the these

The zones (for example: cold, warm, hot) of operation during a technical rescue…

Should be clearly marked with physical barriers
Hot is always the highest risk out of all the zones, regardless of actual temperature.
May vary according to the hazards and the associated risk
Are only for guidance

Incident Command Systems (ICS) typically include the following functional areas:

Transport, food, water, and clothing
Vertical rescue, swiftwater rescue, confined space, and urban search and rescue
Multi-band radio networks, terrestrial and satellite telephone networks, internet LAN/WAN based communications
Operations, planning, logistics, control/command.

The most important treatment for an incapacitated person suspended in a harness is?

Encourage them to relax
Get them safely to un-suspended position as quickly as possible
Setup a tripod and lower a rescuer to perform a mid-face litter scoop
Encourage them to drink water

A person who has been suspended unconscious in a harness could be suffering from?

Crush syndrome
Hyperthermia
Vertigo
Suspension syndrome

Rope rescue hazards, once identified, are:

Discussed in the team briefing; and Conspicuously marked with visual aids, if possible
Conspicuously marked with visual aids, if possible; and photographed and documented for liability protection
Photographed and documented for liability protection
Discussed in the team briefing; and photographed and documented for liability protection

The types of connectors shown in the following image are best described as:

1:Oval, 2:Rapid Link, 3:D, 4:HMS (Pear)
1:HMS (Pear), 2:D, 3:Rapid Link, 4:Oval
1:Rapid Link, 2:Oval, 3:HMS(Pear), 4: Oval
1:D, 2:Oval, 3:HMS (Pear), 4:Rapid Link

Which of the following statements is most correct concerning whistle and hand signals for rope rescue?

Whistle/hand signals are standardised globally and shall be known and used
If whistle/hand signals are to be used, teams shall confirm meanings prior to commencing a task or operation
One whistle blast is the global signal for “all hands off and step back”
Whistle/hand signals are the same as those used by industrial crane operators

The construction of ropes normally used for rope rescue is?

Double braid (braided sheath over a braided core)
Hawser laid (classic 3-strand twisted rope)
Hollow braid (a single braid without any core)
Kernmantle (braided sheath over an unbraided core)

A carabiner has a marking on the spine as illustrated. The rated strength of this carabiner is?

2,500lbs major axis, 1,200lbs minor axis, 700lbs long axis with the gate open
25kN lying flat, 12kN suspended vertically, 7kN balanced on spine
25kN major axis, 12kN minor axis, 7kN major axis with the gate open
25kN between wide pins, 12kN between narrow pins, 7kN on the gate

In rope rescue, the term “MBS” is an abbreviation for?

Maximum Breaking Strength
Mean Breaking Strength
Minimum Breaking Strength
Manufacturer’s Breaking Strength

CSO duplicate?

CSO duplicate?

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